Chemical industry fire prevention and explosion prevention measures

Chemical production is often carried out at high or low temperatures, and accidents such as fires are easily caused by high temperatures, and high temperatures intensify the fire, causing a spread and even causing destructive explosions. The low temperature may cause frostbite accidents, which may cause difficulties in fire fighting. Many materials in chemical production are not only flammable and explosive, but also toxic or corrosive, making fire rescue extremely difficult. Buildings in chemical plants are adapted to the requirements of chemical process plants and are therefore different from general buildings and are often designed to have irregular shapes as needed. Most of its buildings are built with chemical equipment, such as workshops, instrument rooms, power distribution rooms, lounges, etc., in addition to structures and structures that are not used for production and living activities, such as pipeline supports and storage tanks. Block and so on.

Under the premise of satisfying the process flow, reasonable division of functional divisions, comprehensive consideration of fire separation, fire lanes and other fire and explosion protection, requires the entire design of the entire plant total substation and air separation air compressor station and factory atmospheric pressure during the review The problem of insufficient fire separation between the grease traps on both sides of the device requires that the grease trap be covered and protected by a steam fire extinguishing system. The reasonable layout of the plant safety can reduce the loss to zero when the fire and explosion accident occurs. The layout must first consider the fire separation to meet the specification requirements. Take a variety of explosion protection measures. Chemical production uses many flammable and explosive chemicals in the materials. Its explosive gas, flammable liquid vapor and combustible dust are prone to chemical explosion. Therefore, the explosion-proof design in fire protection design is important. The main explosion-proof design measures are: Explosive frame structure. Steel-concrete frame structure and steel structure should be adopted in the building structure to enhance the anti-explosion capability; roof, column and load-bearing wall must be designed according to the principle of explosion-proof and explosion-proof; and pressure relief facilities should be installed.

The device should be considered comprehensively for factors such as process flow and fire safety. They are all designed as a closed system. Under the controllable operating conditions, the processed materials and media are kept in a closed system consisting of equipment and pipelines. The equipment layout is divided according to functions, and the assembly is concentrated and compacted to minimize the back and forth transportation of materials. The design should fully consider the fire separation distance and safety distance between the production equipment area and the explosion-proof area and non-explosion-proof area of ​​the production workshop. The auxiliary workshops and power distribution rooms in the installation should be placed in non-explosive danger zones. Equipment with open flames, such as furnaces, should be kept away from process equipment that may leak flammable gases and flammable liquid vapors to prevent the possibility of fire and explosion.

The construction materials shall be designed according to the architectural design and fire protection specifications. The number of fire-resistant layers, length, floor space, fire separation distance, explosion-proof and safe evacuation are all required according to the specifications. The materials and structures of the design structures, walls, slabs, column beams and suspended ceilings shall meet the requirements of the fire-resistant and explosion-proof requirements of the specifications. More than two safety evacuation ports shall be provided for the joint platform of structures and important equipment. The load-bearing steel frame supports, skirts, pipe racks, etc. in the production equipment shall be coated with a refractory layer to protect the refractory layer. The fire resistance limit shall not be less than 1.5 hours. The oil-proof fire shall be used at the cable shaft and the cable trench cable through the wall. Sealed flame retardant blocking material for fireproof sealing.