Common Internal Faults and Principles of Transformers

Transformer internal fault can generally be divided into two kinds: Discharge fault overheat fault and overheat fault, discharge fault can be based on different energy density, can be divided into high energy discharge, low energy discharge and partial discharge three types. As for the mechanical failures and the dampness of internal water, it will eventually develop into an electrical failure. According to the temperature of the overheating fault, it can be divided into three types: low temperature overheating, medium temperature overheating and high temperature overheating. Overheating faults can be divided into three types: low temperature overheating, medium temperature overheating and high temperature overheating.

Discharge failure is the insulation degradation caused by high electrical stress. High-energy discharge failure, also known as arc discharge failure, this type of fault gas production, gas production is fierce, the use of methods to determine the dissolved gas in oil is not easy to pre-diagnose it, often after a failure, we can according to the oil The analysis of gas and gas components diagnoses the nature and severity of transformer faults. High-energy discharge fault gases are mainly acetylene and hydrogen, followed by ethylene and methane; if solid insulation is involved, the CO content is also high; low-energy discharge faults are generally spark discharges, and the fault gases are mainly ethylene and hydrogen. Due to its low failure energy, total hydrocarbons are generally not high; partial discharge fault gas production features more hydrogen components (accounting for more than 85% of total hydrogen hydrocarbons), followed by methane, and the consequence of partial discharge is insulation aging. Its development will cause insulation damage and even cause accidents.

The overheating fault is due to the accelerated degradation of insulation due to thermal stress. If the thermal stress only causes the decomposition of the insulating oil outside the heat source, the specific gases produced are mainly methane and ethylene, and the sum of the two generally accounts for more than 80% of the total hydrocarbons, and the proportion of ethylene increases with the temperature at the fault point. Will increase, severe overheating will produce trace amounts of acetylene. When overheating involves a solid insulating material, in addition to the above-mentioned substances, a large amount of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are also produced, and if there is no CO or CO2, it may be a local metal overheating fault.

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