The research and development level of scientific research instruments in a country, especially the ability to develop original scientific research instruments, will largely determine the status and potential of basic science research in international competition. However, the current original domestic scientific research instruments are often "difficult to come out." What are the reasons? Gein had "arrears" too much.
A demand traction
This traction should first of all be manifested in the scientific research, technological development, and production of specific tasks on the demand for certain instruments. With demand, some people will only develop and produce instruments. If these instruments can occupy the market and achieve considerable economic benefits, it is natural that people will do it.
At present, the main problem in traction and pulling is that our scientific research is still far from the leader in today's world. Instead, it is mostly tracking research. The scientific equipment used in this state is based on mature products that have been commercialized and available for purchase. At present, purchasers with sufficient funds tend to purchase more ready-to-use imported instruments. It seems that in addition to the high-end equipment required in the fields of national defense and other fields, few people are willing to conduct independent research and development or purchase domestically produced instruments.
In fact, experimental scientific research that is truly expected to be world-leading must rely on advanced scientific research instruments with its own characteristics. In particular, it requires independent research and development instruments that apply many new principles, new methods and new technologies. Such instruments are not readily available. The products are available for purchase, and even if they are similar, they need to be bought back for upgrading and system integration. Obviously, if we do not attach importance to the R&D of the instrument, we will easily lose the key game in this aspect of experimental means and directly put ourselves in a backward position in the international technological competition.
In addition, the customary psychology of the Chinese people also causes the same grade of domestic goods to be unable to compete equally with imported goods. This phenomenon is particularly evident in high-end scientific research instruments.
To form an effective traction for the research and development of high-end scientific research instruments, on the one hand, the research work must go beyond the current “second-rate†level of the tracking and imitation stage and reach the internationally leading “first-rate†level; on the other hand, the level of instrument research and development itself must also go up and help. We establish confidence in domestic scientific research instruments.
Second owed investment and policy
At present, China's instrument research and development funding is insufficient, and it is still very unbalanced. Therefore, "money" will inevitably plagued instrument development for a long time.
We should note that apart from direct investment, some of the money currently used for purchasing instruments will actually be indirectly used for R&D, because if domestic research institutes can spend more money for purchasing domestically-produced new scientific instruments , can make the domestic innovation of scientific research instruments - R & D - sales to form a smooth virtuous cycle, such as companies can be willing to invest large sums of money in the R & D, so that the R & D and production of the team is also easy to stabilize, will naturally be very beneficial to innovation .
Therefore, in the funding arrangements for the procurement of scientific instruments, there should be appropriate policies to encourage research institutes to buy domestically-made instruments. Although these domestic instruments cannot fully compete with foreign imported instruments in terms of technical indicators, they are in use, maintenance, and maintenance. It is much more convenient and cheaper than imported instruments.
In addition, large-scale national, small-to-a-specific units, and even task groups all lack some reasonable and stable incentives for instrument development. In the current evaluation and reward system, there is little content concerning the conversion of the workload of self-developed instruments. The lack of such incentive policies causes researchers to basically not be interested in the independent R&D of the instruments unless they must or are themselves obsessed with the improvement and R&D of the instruments.
In order to do a good job in the research and development of original scientific instruments, the competent department of the project should regard the independent research and development results of the instrument as one of the important assessment indicators for scientific research projects. Each unit should clearly define the workload of new instrument development and improvement when formulating the evaluation and reward system for employees. The calculation standards and the corresponding award specifications can encourage employees to actively participate in the research and development of scientific instruments.
Three owed foundation and capable people
The research and development of domestic scientific instruments is still very shallow and the foundation is weak.
This aspect stems from the fact that our country is relatively backward in terms of basic materials and processing technology, and this backwardness affects the entire industrial technology field including the instrumentation industry. The main performance is that the quality of commonly used basic materials and devices is not good enough. Although it can be used in common civil technologies, it is difficult to ensure that the high-end research instruments can meet the requirements of scientific research. It is possible to select the most suitable materials and devices through “Excellent Selectionâ€, but the cost is too high to be industrially mass-produced and used.
The weak foundation on the other hand refers to the theoretical basis. At present, the people who do instrument research and development are mainly engineers and technicians. They are generally lower in theoretical level than those who need to use instruments for research. They are not fully understood or mastered in some important scientific principles related to instrument development. The relevant principles are truly integrated and it is difficult to quickly form new designs. In addition, due to the university's sub-divisional education system, the knowledge of many researchers and technology developers is not wide enough, which also affects their ability to improve their R&D capabilities.
While doing instrument research and development, some capable people are indispensable. First, a group of highly qualified and experienced people who are well-established, based on the scientific frontier, and who are very clear about the scientific issues involved in the field should be designers. They must know that the urgently needed research methods and experimental techniques can bring forth original ideas. Sexual solutions, and good at integrating resources to achieve design. After that, there must be original domestic scientific research instruments with independent intellectual property rights that can be made by skilled craftsmen. Of course, these capable people are not born. They need a long period of instrument development to train and exercise. The R&D team also needs to keep running.
Four owes to the core and depth
The depth of our country's involvement in the research and development of scientific research instruments is not enough. Because the value of original scientific research instruments of the new principle is usually not easily recognized by people, it is difficult to make money by opening new markets with new instruments. Units engaged in R&D and production of instruments are more accustomed to producing, improving, and selling those instruments that are popular in the market, including older models with a large market share, good reputation, and small improvements to these older models, through increased digitization. With the degree of automation, adding some functions, improving the appearance design, etc. to gain users favor. This "research and development" of minor repairs is far from being able to reach the original level. It is just this way that it is easy to make money. Therefore, many R&D and production units for scientific research instruments are happy.
At present, the core components of many instruments in China are actually imported foreign products. This kind of production of equipment using parts and components produced in different countries is a normal phenomenon in the era of globalization. However, some of them do not master the core technology at all, but they still label themselves as domestic products with “independent intellectual property rightsâ€. It is completely deceitful and self-deception.
In fact, if scientific research instruments do not really belong to their own core technologies, it is difficult to occupy a stable market share, and it is even more difficult to gain a good reputation in the scientific community.
Five less than confidence and popularity
It is precisely because of the aforementioned series of reasons that producers, sellers and users of domestically produced instruments often lack sufficient confidence.
Producers have no confidence in raw materials and devices and no confidence in their products. When selling to users, the seller prefers to show off which parts of the instruments he sells are completely imported, as if the imported "tags" are high quality, high-performance guarantees, but they do not have enough confidence in their own technologies and products.
Many users also lack confidence in domestic instruments. There are not many people who truly understand the significance of the original domestic R&D work of scientific research instruments and who can consciously support and invest in this work. At present, not only the supervisors and leaders pay insufficient attention to the research and development of instruments, and sometimes even many people in the research team do not agree to do independent research and development, or even if they do not oppose it, they will not actively assist those who research and develop instruments. Without a certain degree of popularity, the research and development of such scientific research equipment may become a "difficult and thankless" chore, which will affect the enthusiasm of research and development.
In addition, the development of a complex research instrument involves the knowledge of many disciplines and usually requires the cooperation of a team of a certain size (even a combination of units and industries). The R&D team should establish an effective team cooperation system. Its members should have a high sense of teamwork, communicate as much as possible during the cooperation, and avoid closing the doors behind closed doors, so that the instrument's R&D work can really be done well. At present, many domestic research collaborations, including instrument research and development, need to be strengthened.
In short, only by making up for these “debts†can we expect that some new domestically-original scientific research instruments will be developed in the future, and original leading results based on new experimental techniques and research methods may be made possible.
A demand traction
This traction should first of all be manifested in the scientific research, technological development, and production of specific tasks on the demand for certain instruments. With demand, some people will only develop and produce instruments. If these instruments can occupy the market and achieve considerable economic benefits, it is natural that people will do it.
At present, the main problem in traction and pulling is that our scientific research is still far from the leader in today's world. Instead, it is mostly tracking research. The scientific equipment used in this state is based on mature products that have been commercialized and available for purchase. At present, purchasers with sufficient funds tend to purchase more ready-to-use imported instruments. It seems that in addition to the high-end equipment required in the fields of national defense and other fields, few people are willing to conduct independent research and development or purchase domestically produced instruments.
In fact, experimental scientific research that is truly expected to be world-leading must rely on advanced scientific research instruments with its own characteristics. In particular, it requires independent research and development instruments that apply many new principles, new methods and new technologies. Such instruments are not readily available. The products are available for purchase, and even if they are similar, they need to be bought back for upgrading and system integration. Obviously, if we do not attach importance to the R&D of the instrument, we will easily lose the key game in this aspect of experimental means and directly put ourselves in a backward position in the international technological competition.
In addition, the customary psychology of the Chinese people also causes the same grade of domestic goods to be unable to compete equally with imported goods. This phenomenon is particularly evident in high-end scientific research instruments.
To form an effective traction for the research and development of high-end scientific research instruments, on the one hand, the research work must go beyond the current “second-rate†level of the tracking and imitation stage and reach the internationally leading “first-rate†level; on the other hand, the level of instrument research and development itself must also go up and help. We establish confidence in domestic scientific research instruments.
Second owed investment and policy
At present, China's instrument research and development funding is insufficient, and it is still very unbalanced. Therefore, "money" will inevitably plagued instrument development for a long time.
We should note that apart from direct investment, some of the money currently used for purchasing instruments will actually be indirectly used for R&D, because if domestic research institutes can spend more money for purchasing domestically-produced new scientific instruments , can make the domestic innovation of scientific research instruments - R & D - sales to form a smooth virtuous cycle, such as companies can be willing to invest large sums of money in the R & D, so that the R & D and production of the team is also easy to stabilize, will naturally be very beneficial to innovation .
Therefore, in the funding arrangements for the procurement of scientific instruments, there should be appropriate policies to encourage research institutes to buy domestically-made instruments. Although these domestic instruments cannot fully compete with foreign imported instruments in terms of technical indicators, they are in use, maintenance, and maintenance. It is much more convenient and cheaper than imported instruments.
In addition, large-scale national, small-to-a-specific units, and even task groups all lack some reasonable and stable incentives for instrument development. In the current evaluation and reward system, there is little content concerning the conversion of the workload of self-developed instruments. The lack of such incentive policies causes researchers to basically not be interested in the independent R&D of the instruments unless they must or are themselves obsessed with the improvement and R&D of the instruments.
In order to do a good job in the research and development of original scientific instruments, the competent department of the project should regard the independent research and development results of the instrument as one of the important assessment indicators for scientific research projects. Each unit should clearly define the workload of new instrument development and improvement when formulating the evaluation and reward system for employees. The calculation standards and the corresponding award specifications can encourage employees to actively participate in the research and development of scientific instruments.
Three owed foundation and capable people
The research and development of domestic scientific instruments is still very shallow and the foundation is weak.
This aspect stems from the fact that our country is relatively backward in terms of basic materials and processing technology, and this backwardness affects the entire industrial technology field including the instrumentation industry. The main performance is that the quality of commonly used basic materials and devices is not good enough. Although it can be used in common civil technologies, it is difficult to ensure that the high-end research instruments can meet the requirements of scientific research. It is possible to select the most suitable materials and devices through “Excellent Selectionâ€, but the cost is too high to be industrially mass-produced and used.
The weak foundation on the other hand refers to the theoretical basis. At present, the people who do instrument research and development are mainly engineers and technicians. They are generally lower in theoretical level than those who need to use instruments for research. They are not fully understood or mastered in some important scientific principles related to instrument development. The relevant principles are truly integrated and it is difficult to quickly form new designs. In addition, due to the university's sub-divisional education system, the knowledge of many researchers and technology developers is not wide enough, which also affects their ability to improve their R&D capabilities.
While doing instrument research and development, some capable people are indispensable. First, a group of highly qualified and experienced people who are well-established, based on the scientific frontier, and who are very clear about the scientific issues involved in the field should be designers. They must know that the urgently needed research methods and experimental techniques can bring forth original ideas. Sexual solutions, and good at integrating resources to achieve design. After that, there must be original domestic scientific research instruments with independent intellectual property rights that can be made by skilled craftsmen. Of course, these capable people are not born. They need a long period of instrument development to train and exercise. The R&D team also needs to keep running.
Four owes to the core and depth
The depth of our country's involvement in the research and development of scientific research instruments is not enough. Because the value of original scientific research instruments of the new principle is usually not easily recognized by people, it is difficult to make money by opening new markets with new instruments. Units engaged in R&D and production of instruments are more accustomed to producing, improving, and selling those instruments that are popular in the market, including older models with a large market share, good reputation, and small improvements to these older models, through increased digitization. With the degree of automation, adding some functions, improving the appearance design, etc. to gain users favor. This "research and development" of minor repairs is far from being able to reach the original level. It is just this way that it is easy to make money. Therefore, many R&D and production units for scientific research instruments are happy.
At present, the core components of many instruments in China are actually imported foreign products. This kind of production of equipment using parts and components produced in different countries is a normal phenomenon in the era of globalization. However, some of them do not master the core technology at all, but they still label themselves as domestic products with “independent intellectual property rightsâ€. It is completely deceitful and self-deception.
In fact, if scientific research instruments do not really belong to their own core technologies, it is difficult to occupy a stable market share, and it is even more difficult to gain a good reputation in the scientific community.
Five less than confidence and popularity
It is precisely because of the aforementioned series of reasons that producers, sellers and users of domestically produced instruments often lack sufficient confidence.
Producers have no confidence in raw materials and devices and no confidence in their products. When selling to users, the seller prefers to show off which parts of the instruments he sells are completely imported, as if the imported "tags" are high quality, high-performance guarantees, but they do not have enough confidence in their own technologies and products.
Many users also lack confidence in domestic instruments. There are not many people who truly understand the significance of the original domestic R&D work of scientific research instruments and who can consciously support and invest in this work. At present, not only the supervisors and leaders pay insufficient attention to the research and development of instruments, and sometimes even many people in the research team do not agree to do independent research and development, or even if they do not oppose it, they will not actively assist those who research and develop instruments. Without a certain degree of popularity, the research and development of such scientific research equipment may become a "difficult and thankless" chore, which will affect the enthusiasm of research and development.
In addition, the development of a complex research instrument involves the knowledge of many disciplines and usually requires the cooperation of a team of a certain size (even a combination of units and industries). The R&D team should establish an effective team cooperation system. Its members should have a high sense of teamwork, communicate as much as possible during the cooperation, and avoid closing the doors behind closed doors, so that the instrument's R&D work can really be done well. At present, many domestic research collaborations, including instrument research and development, need to be strengthened.
In short, only by making up for these “debts†can we expect that some new domestically-original scientific research instruments will be developed in the future, and original leading results based on new experimental techniques and research methods may be made possible.